absence

[ˈæbsəns]
  • n.

    缺席,缺勤;缺乏,缺少,无;心不在焉,不注意;

  • 单词变形

    复数: absences


  • 词义辨析

    absence, lack, shortage, want

    这组词都有“缺乏”的意思。它们的区别是:
    1.从内容上说:absence指在某一特定的场合应具备或想要的某一事物或事实; lack指应具备或需要的东西; shortage指按规定应具备或需要的数量; want则指缺少必不可少的东西,尤指为一整体的完美所必须具备的东西。
    2.从程度上说:absence指根本就不存在; lack指完全没有或不够充足; shortage指部分短缺或开始减少; want则指缺少。
    3.从用法上说:absence, lack和want都是不可数名词,间或可加不定冠词; 而shortage可用作不可数名词,也可用作可数名词。

    下面各组中的短语意思不同:

    in sb's absence
    在某人不在的情况下
    during sb's absence
    在某人不在期间
    in the absence of a chairman
    缺少主席(实际上没有主席)
    in the absence of the chairman
    主席不在场的

    lack,want,absence,shortage,scarcity

    这些名词都含“缺乏,不足”之意。
    lack普通用词,指部分或完全的不足。
    want指完全或短缺某物,侧重缺少之物是必需的东西。使用范围比lack窄些。
    absence指某物根本不存在或完全短缺,或某人虽存在,但未到现场。
    shortage指不足,但侧重达不到规定的,需要的或已知应有的数量。
    scarcity指产量不足或缺乏某物难以应付或满足需要。

  • 双语例句
1、

He was desperately eager to be back after more than a week's absence from school.

他一个多星期没有到学校,回校之心甚切.

——《简明英汉词典》

2、

A complete absence of national border controls is as utopian today as the vision of world government.

在今天,完全取消国家边界控制的观点与建立一个世界政府的想法一样不切实际。

——柯林斯例句

3、

A major problem is the absence of water.

主要的问题是缺水.

——《简明英汉词典》

4、

Do you have valid reasons for your absence?

你的缺席有正当理由 吗 ?

——《简明英汉词典》

5、

Original mail returned in the absence of the addressee.

收信人不在,原件退回.

——《现代汉英综合大词典》

6、

John will act as a deputy for me during my absence.

我离开期间,约翰将代理我的职务.

《简明英汉词典》

7、

Her absence of mind during driving nearly caused an accident.

她驾车时心不在焉,几乎肇祸.

《简明英汉词典》

8、

The ostensible reason for his absence was illness.

他假托生病缺勤。

——《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》

9、

There has been much gossip about the possible reasons for his absence.

关于他缺席的原因有很多传言。

——柯林斯例句

10、

A role as senior diplomat would be a good alibi for his absence.

高级外交官的角色将是他缺席的上佳托词。

——柯林斯例句

11、

The official reason given for the President's absence was sickness.

对外公布的总统未到场原因是身体有恙。

——柯林斯例句

12、

Wabel's victory was in no way devalued by the absence of series leader Tom Fisher.

瓦贝尔的胜利绝没有因系列赛领先者汤姆·费希尔的缺阵而失色。

——柯林斯例句

13、

Everyone understood how hard it was to get back into the swing of things after such a long absence.

每个人都知道这么长时间不在,再重新完全融入进来有多难。

——柯林斯例句

14、

He has been placed on a paid leave of absence while investigations are made.

调查进行期间,单位给他放了带薪假。

——柯林斯例句

15、

They both smiled; neither seemed likely to be aware of my absence for long.

他俩都笑了,看来两人都未意识到我已离开很长时间了。

——柯林斯例句

16、

David is now living in Beirut again after an enforced absence.

戴维在被迫离开后,现在又回到了贝鲁特生活。

——柯林斯例句

17、

The competition has been thrown wide open by the absence of the world champion.

由于世界冠军缺阵,这场比赛变得胜负难定。

——柯林斯例句

18、

In its absence China would retrogress into division and chaos, and modernization would become impossible.

动摇了中国就要倒退到分裂和混乱, 就不可能实现现代化.

——《简明英汉词典》

19、

Everyone remarked loudly on his absence.

大家大声地议论他的缺席.

——《简明英汉词典》

20、

It's good to take up the threads of our old friendship after such a long absence.

时隔这么久之后重新恢复我们的老交情,这很好.

——《简明英汉词典》

21、

She called in your absence.

你不在时她来过.

——《简明英汉词典》

22、

My absence had gone unnoticed.

我的缺席未能引起人家注意.

——《简明英汉词典》

23、

I found a refreshing absence of industrial sprawl.

我发现了一处全无杂乱工业区踪影的、令人心旷神怡的地方.

——《简明英汉词典》

24、

He excused his absence by saying that he was ill.

他说他生病了,为他缺席开脱.

——《简明英汉词典》

25、

The team was crippled by his absence.

他的缺席使这支球队的实力削弱.

——《现代汉英综合大词典》

26、

He took my place during my absence.

在我缺勤期间他代替了我.

——《现代汉英综合大词典》

27、

His absence caused me much trouble.

他的缺席给我带来了许多麻烦.

——《现代英汉综合大词典》

28、

Work has piled up during his absence.

在他离开期间工作堆积起来了.

——《现代汉英综合大词典》

29、

Darkness is the absence of light.

黑暗就是缺乏光亮.

——《现代英汉综合大词典》

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