as

[əz]
  • adv.

    同样地,一样地;例如;

  • prep.

    作为,以…的身份;如同;

  • conj.

    像,像…一样;由于;同时,当…时;尽管;

  • n.

    阿斯(古罗马重量单位,约373克);


  • 词义辨析

    下面各组中句子的意思不同:

    They love him as much as she.
    他们和她同样爱他。
    They love him as much as her.
    他们爱他,也同样爱她。
    约翰和鲍勃一样有礼貌。
    John is as polite as Bob.
    (强调约翰有礼貌)
    John is as polite as Bob is.
    (强调鲍勃有礼貌)

    as, for

    这两个词都可作“作为;当作;用作”解,一般情况下可以互换。但as表示资格,而for表示用途。例如:
    She was respected as a teacher.
    作为一名教师,她受到尊敬。
    She won't do for a teacher.
    她做教师不行。
    另外,在regard,think of,treat等动词之后一般用as,不用for。

    as, like

    这两个词的区别是:
    1.在作“如”“像”解时,as可用作连词,引出方式状语从句;而在正式英语中like不能这样用,只能用作介词。例如:
    请尽量按我这样写。
    Please try to write as I do.
    Please try to write like me.
    作为学生,应试时须严格按照上述规定作答,但实际上在非正式的英语里,like用作连词还是很常见的。例如:
    I can't sing like I used to.我不能像以前那样唱歌了。
    2.as和like都可用作介词,但意义不同。as用于人时强调其身份、职业、地位、角色等,指物时侧重其作用、功能等;like则强调人或事物的外貌特征和性格特征的相像,或行为方式的相同。简言之,as表示一种事实,即“是”;而like则表示一种比喻,即“像”。例如:
    She spoke as a lawyer.
    她作为律师发言。
    She spoke like a lawyer.
    她讲话很像是律师。
    3.表示动作方式一般用like。例如:
    他吃起东西来像头野兽。
    [误] He ate as a beast.
    [正] He ate like a beast.
    4.表语词组一般由like引导,而不用as引导。

    as a matter of fact, as good as, as it is

    这三个短语都有“实际上,事实上”的意思,它们的区别是:
    as a matter of fact含有对比之意,说的是与已知的或已说过的内容不同的内容;as good as没有对比的意味,意思是“实质上差不多等于”;as it is则用于指出即将说的是一个事实。例如:
    Mike said he didn't tell a lie.As a matter of fact, he did.迈克说他从没有说过谎。事实上,他说过。
    He as good as refused.他实际上等于拒绝了。
    We had hoped to finish today,but as it is we probably won't finish until tomorrow.我们原本希望今天能做完它,但实际情况是我们或许要等到明天才能做完。

    as, because, for, since

    这四个词都可以作连词引导一个表示原因的状语从句。它们的区别是:
    1.because是从属连词,引导的原因状语从句指的是自然、直接的原因,主句表示必然的因果关系,而原因构成句子的主要部分,是句子的重点。另外,because引导的从句多放在句末,但有时也可放在句首,这种情况往往是为了强调。
    2.如果原因很明显或已为人们所知,或不如句子的其余部分重要,就用as或since,since比as更正式一些,这两个词都为从属连词,常译为“由于,既然”,语气比because轻。as和since引导的句子多放在整个句子的开头,偶尔它们引导的(特别是since引导的)句子也可以放在后面。since作为理由有“不好”或“勉强”的含意;而as只将既成事实作为理由,并不含有“不好”或“勉强”的意味。
    3.for是并列连词,引导的是并列从句,表示原因的语气很弱,一般是对结果作推断性的补充说明或解释,不表示直接原因。for较正式,很少用于口语,一般用于书面语,前面一般多用逗号。

    as it is/was, as it were

    as it is/was是个短语,意思是“实际上”“事实上”“照目前情况来看”,用于把可能的情景与实际发生的情况进行对比;而as it were的意思则是“可以说是”“似乎是”“仿佛”,表示所说的话听起来不那么肯定。

    as, though

    这两个词用作从属连词引导让步状语从句时,都可采用倒装语序。它们的区别在于:as采用这种倒装语序是强制性的,而though则是非强制性的。此外,as引导的这种倒装语序还可表示原因,而though则无此功能。

    as, when, while

    这三个词都可作连词引导一个表示时间的状语从句。as引导的从句作“当…时”或“和…同时”解,从句中的动作与主句中的动作同时发生或同时进行,一般持续时间不长;when引导的从句作“当…时”或“每逢…”解,从句中的动作既可以和主句中的动作同时发生,也可以在主句的动作之前或之后发生;while引导的从句作“当…时”或“在…期间”解,它强调从句中的动作与主句中的动作同时发生,但持续时间一般较长或主句的动作在从句的动作过程中发生。while与as和when的最大区别在于有时含有“趁着…情况的存在赶紧做某事,否则来不及了”的意味。

    as well, also, besides, either, moreover, too

    这组词(组)都有“也,此外,还有”的意思。它们的区别是:
    also一般用于肯定句,有强调意味,位于主谓语之间,即实义动词之前,助动词之后; too只用于肯定句中,一般位于句末,比also更口语化; either一般只用于否定句,多位于句末; as well和too一样多用于口语,放在句末; besides与moreover词义基本相同,但moreover后面所叙述的,通常比前面所叙述更为重要或更深入一步,在词序方面, moreover往往用于句首,另外, moreover是较为正式的用语。例如:
    He also asked to go.他也要去。
    I can also do it.我也能干那个活。
    English is not easy, and French is not easy either.英语不容易,法语也不容易。
    He is a teacher, and a writer as well.他是个教师,也是个作家。
    I don't like those shoes; besides, they're too expensive.那双鞋我不喜欢,而且也太贵。
    I don't like skating; moreover, the ice is too thin.我不想去溜冰,再说冰层也太薄。
    The Opposition have consistently accused the Government of corruption.Moreover, they have named names.反对党一直在指责政府腐败,而且是指名道姓的。

    下面两个句子的意思不同:

    We have a third as many students in our class as we had last term.
    我们班的学生是上学期的三分之一。
    We have a third as many students again in our class as we had last term.
    我们班的学生比上学期多了三分之一。

    as,because,for,since

    这些连词都含有“因为”之意。
    as从属连词,语意较because, since弱,着重在主句,所表示的原因或理由是“附带的”。
    because从属连词,语意强,着重直接的原因或理由,所引出的从句是全句的重心,用以回答why提出的问题。
    for并列连词,语气较弱,所引出的句子一般放在后面,表示附带说明的理由或推断理由。
    since语意比because弱,但比as强,一般用于表示“由于大家已知的事实”。

    as,like

    这两个词均有“像”之意。
    as从属连词,引出方式从句。
    like是前置词,后面跟的是宾语。

    though,although,as,even though

    这些连词都可表示“虽然,尽管”之意。
    though和although在意义上几乎毫无区别,但在习惯用法上这两个词仍有以下一些差异:1.though可引出倒装语序的让步状语从句,although 则不能。2.though可与even连用,although则不能;在as though结构中,只用though,不能用although。3.though可以置于从句末,而although则不能。4.引出省略句时,通常用though。
    although与though在意义上相似,但文体上是比较正式用词,语气比though强。
    as引出让步状语从句只用于倒装语序结构中,语气强于上述两个连词。
    even though(=even if),意为“即使”,引导让步状语从句。though也引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然”;even though有退一步设想的意味,与though不同。though引导的句子所说的是事实,even though引导的句子所说的则不一定是事实。例如:

    when,while,as

    这些连词都可表示“当……时”引出时间从句。
    when所引导的从句,其谓语动词既可是持续动词,也可是短暂动词;谓语动词动作发生的时间可以与主句谓语动词的动作是同时,或之前、之后。
    while句中的谓语动词应为持续动词,不用短暂动词,谓语动作发生的时间通常与主句谓语动词动作发生时间是同时。
    as侧重指从句与主句的动作同时进行,谓语动词可以是持续性的,可以是短暂性动词。

  • 双语例句
1、

A distant relative is not as good as a near neighbour.

远亲不如近邻.

——《现代汉英综合大词典》

2、

He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school.

他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖.

——《现代汉英综合大词典》

3、

She is as proud as a peacock.

她十分骄傲.

——《现代英汉综合大词典》

4、

The earth may be thought of as a gigantic magnet.

整个地球可以想像为一块硕大无朋的磁石.

——《现代汉英综合大词典》

5、

The old nun was as imperious as ever , but visibly thawed when she saw the children.

老修女仍然像从前一样专橫,看到孩子们时却显得温和多了.

——《简明英汉词典》

6、

Public general hospital originated in the almshouse infirmaries established as early as colonial times by local governments to care for the poor.

公立医院源自殖民地时期政府为了救济穷人而建立的救济院中的医务所.

——《简明英汉词典》

7、

Gold prices are often seen as an indicator of inflation.

黃金价格常常被看作是通货膨胀的指标.

——《简明英汉词典》

8、

He volunteered to serve as the manager of our department store.

他自荐当我们商场的经理.

——《现代汉英综合大词典》

9、

As he walked through the lobby, he skirted a group of ladies.

他穿过门厅时, 绕过了一群女士.

——《简明英汉词典》

10、

The realisation that the murderer must have been a close friend came as a shock.

意识到杀人凶手一定是个密友,大家都很震惊.

——《简明英汉词典》

11、

In a way, I'm glad you made that mistake, for it will serve as a warning to you.

在某种程度上说, 你犯那个错误我 倒 感到高兴, 因为它可以对你敲警钟.

——《简明英汉词典》

12、

He didn't like the food, but he made a pretence of eating some of it as he was a guest.

他不喜欢这道菜, 但因为他是客人,所以假装吃了一些.

——《简明英汉词典》

13、

The weather of this year is not the same as that of the past years.

今年的气候同往年不一样.

——《现代汉英综合大词典》

14、

Two candidates are emerging as contestants for the presidency.

两位候选人最终成为总统职位竞争者.

——《简明英汉词典》

15、

As opinions vary, no unanimous conclusion can be drawn.

众说纷纭, 莫衷一是.

——《现代汉英综合大词典》

16、

As we turned the corner , we came upon a group of men who were waiting for the public house to open.

我们转过屋角时碰到一群人等着店开门.

——《简明英汉词典》

17、

He is recognized internationally as an authority in this field.

国际上承认他是这方面的一个权威.

——《简明英汉词典》

18、

Treat this house as your own, feel free.

把这所房子当作你自己的好了, 放轻松.

——《简明英汉词典》

19、

He speaks French, and Spanish as well.

他说法语, 也会说西班牙语.

——《现代汉英综合大词典》

20、

We are not such fools as to believe him.

我们不是那样的蠢人,竟会相信他.

——《现代英汉综合大词典》

21、

He introduced Mary as his daughter.

他介绍说玛丽是他女儿.

——《简明英汉词典》

22、

This arrangement is quite satisfactory, so far as I am concerned.

就我来说, 这样的安排很好.

——《简明英汉词典》

23、

I was dressed as a horseman at the ball.

在舞会上我装扮成骑士.

——《简明英汉词典》

24、

He quickly donned a welcoming smile as his guests arrived.

客人一到,他立刻笑脸相迎.

——《简明英汉词典》

25、

Dozens of police arrived as the hoodlums closed in on him.

几个恶棍逐渐将他团团围住时,几十个警察到了.

——《简明英汉词典》

26、

Dick thinks of himself as a genius in literature.

迪克自以为是个文学天才.

——《简明英汉词典》

27、

His teaching career began as a village schoolmaster.

他的教师生涯是从一名乡村小学教师开始的.

——《简明英汉词典》

28、

Mr. Putin was inaugurated as the President of the Russian Federation.

普京正式就任俄罗斯联邦总统.

——《简明英汉词典》

29、

As the wages advanced, so did the cost of living.

随着工资的提高, 生活费用也提高了.

——《现代英汉综合大词典》

30、

And as for us, we are fortunate.

可对我们来说, 我们是幸运的.

——《现代英汉综合大词典》

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