nearly, almost
这两个词共同的意思是“几乎,差不多”。下列情况下常可互换:
1.在一般肯定结构中。例如:
There are almost〔nearly〕 enough people here to do the job.做这项工作,这些人手差不多够了。
2.在表达时间时。例如:
Well, it happened almost〔nearly〕 ten years ago.这差不多是十年以前的事了。
3.在all, always, every等词前。例如:
Almost〔nearly〕 every student spoke.几乎每个学生都发了言。
He almost〔nearly〕 arrived late.他几乎总是迟到。
它们的区别是:
1.从含义上说, almost强调“十分接近”,而nearly强调“尚有不足”,所以在表示“想要做而没做成”“很可能发生但还未发生”时,要用nearly; 而表示“简直”“像”等意思时,要用almost。例如:
I nearly committed a great error.我几乎犯了大错。
Please wait a minute.I'm almost out of breath.请等一下,我简直喘不过气来了。
It was almost like a dream.这简直就像一场梦。
试比较以下两句:
I nearly fell off my bike.
我差一点没从自行车上掉下来。
I almost fell off my bike.
我几乎从自行车上掉下来。
另外,修饰表示思想感情的动词时,只能用almost。例如:
He almost dreaded a visit to the doctor.他几乎害怕去看病。
She almost wanted to leave here.她几乎想离开这里。
2.从程度上说, almost比nearly更接近。例如:
We're nearly there.
我们快到了。
We're almost there.
我们马上就要到了。
I'm nearly as clever as you.
我快赶上你那么聪明了。
I'm almost as clever as you.
我差不多和你一样聪明了。
It is nearly time for class.
快到上课的时间了。
(如8点上课,现在是7:50)
It is almost time for class.
差不多是上课的时间了。
(如8点上课,现在是7:58)
3.从使用场合上说,在有趋势向某个目标发展的情况下,两者可互换。而在没有这种趋势或根本不可能达到的场合下,则只能用nearly而不能用almost。例如:
我们这只猫什么都懂,快赶上人了。
[误] Our cat understands everything— she's almost human.
[正] Our cat understands everything— she's nearly human.
我姑姑说话简直像个外国人。
[误] My aunt almost sounds foreign.
[正] My aunt nearly sounds foreign.
4.从语气上说, almost只是一般陈述; 而nearly则具有较明显的惊讶、抱怨等感情色彩。试比较以下两个句子:
差不多花了我一百元钱。
It cost me almost a hundred yuan .
(说说而已)
It cost me nearly a hundred yuan .
(太贵了)
It's almost 40 minutes' walk to the park.
走到公园差不多要40分钟。(陈述事实)
It's nearly 40 minutes' walk to the park.
走到公园差不多要40分钟哩!(太远了)
5.与no, none, nothing等连用,只能用almost而不能用nearly; 反之,与not, never连用,只能用nearly而不能用almost(但美式英语可说almost never)。例如:
There are not nearly enough people here to do the job.干这活儿,这些人手还远不够。
We almost never traverse tortuous paths.(AmE)我们难得走弯路。
6.在more than, too前用almost,不用nearly。例如:
That's almost too much!那简直太过分了!
This is almost more than we feared.这简直远远超过我们所害怕的情况。
7.nearly可加very, pretty等修饰,而almost不可。
almost,nearly,about,approximately,around,roughly
这些副词均有“大约,差不多”之意。
almost指在程度上相差很小,差不多。
nearly与almost含义基本相同,侧重指数量、时间或空间上的接近。
about常可分almost和nearly换用,但about用于表示时间、数量的“大约”时,实际数量可能多也可能少。
approximately多用于书面语,指精确度接近某个标准以致误差可忽略不计。
around多用于非正式场合,常见于美国英语。
roughly指按粗略估计,常代替about。