collect, assemble, congregate, gather
这组词都有“收集”“聚集”“收捡”的意思。它们的区别在于:
1.collect指为了某一目的,用心地收捡,并加以仔细整理。例如:
He hung up the map on the wall and collected political cadres and teachers to address them.他把那张地图挂在墙上,召集政治干部和政治教员来给他们讲话。
2.gather是收集的最普通用语,指自发地集中在一起或把分散的东西收拢起来,或从不同的方向聚集到一起,胡子眉毛一把抓地堆集,还可指将抽象事物归拢。例如:
He travels about the world gathering facts about the little-known disease.他走遍世界,收集鲜为人知的疾病资料。
The hosts are gathered in the adjoining lounge.许多人聚集在隔壁的休息室里。
More and more water was gathering in the swamp.沼泽地里的水越积越多。
3.assemble更强调收集的目的,把人或物密集地聚在一起。例如:
He called us all together, and told the assembled company that the exams had been cancelled.他把我们召集到一起,告诉大家考试已经取消。
The members assembled in the meeting room.成员们都聚集在会议室。
Assemble your papers and put them in the file.把你的文件归拢好放在这个文件夹内。
4.congregate是自发地、出自本能地或随意地、散乱地聚集在一起,多用于人或动物。例如:
A crowd congregated around the orator.一群人聚集在演说者的周围。
The crowd congregated in the town square to hear the President speak.人群聚集到市镇广场上来听总统讲话。
Cattle congregate during a storm.在暴风雨中,牲口聚集在一起。
collect, choose, elect, pick, select, single
这组词都指从若干事物或人中间“挑选出”适合要求、满足需要的事物或人。它们的区别在于:
1.pick可用于表示无需特别仔细的挑选、辨别的某种情况。例如:
My wife is going with me to help me pick out a new suit.我妻子和我一起去以帮我挑选一件新西装。
2.collect指有计划、有选择地“精选”。例如:
I like collecting stamps very much, and I've also collected many foreign stamps.我非常喜欢集邮,我还收集了许多外国邮票。
3.choose指判断和进行实际挑选,该词强调做决定过程中所下的决心,侧重于意志或判断。例如:
It is highly important for us to choose and train successors.对我们来说,挑选和培养接班人是十分重要的。
The students chose him as their monitor because they liked him.学生们选他做班长,因为他们喜欢他。
The greedy boy chose the largest apple in the dish.那贪心的孩子从盘中挑了一个最大的苹果。
You may choose from them the one you like best.你可从它们中间选出你最喜欢的一个。
They chose her a secretary.他们选择她做秘书。
He was chosen our team leader.他被选为我们的队长。
4.select强调在进行认真的考虑后,从很多的人或物中精选出最好的、最中意的。这是书面用语,有时具有庄严、正式的感情色彩。例如:
They selected a diamond engagement ring.他们挑选了一枚钻石订婚戒指。
Why didn't you select a nice subject?你为什么没选一个好题目?
Select the book you want.选你需要的书。
We selected her to represent us.我们选她作为我们的代表。
He selected the village as a base of operation.他选择了该村为试验基地。
He selected a pair of socks to match his suit.他为配他的那身衣服选了一双袜子。
5.elect所含的意思主要是指在一定的范围内,在有限的数量中,遵照一定的规章或法则,用投票或举手等表决方式,以多数为标准,选出代表或负责人。例如:
We elected the captain of our football team by a show of hands.我们举手选举我们的足球队长。
Only someone born in the United States can be elected as President.只有在美国出生的人才可以被选为美国总统。
The committee is made up of men and women elected by the people.委员会是由人民选出的人员组成。
6.single强调从若干人或物中慎重地挑出适合要求的人或物。例如:
He was singled out to succeed his uncle.他被选出来继承他叔叔的产业。
accumulate，amass，collect，gather，heap，pile
这些动词都含“积聚，聚集，积累”之意。
accumulate几乎可用于指任何事物量的增加，侧重连续不断地，一点一滴地聚积。
amass着重大量地积聚，尤指对如金钱、珠宝等有价值东西的大量积聚。
collect普通用词，多用于指物，侧重指有区别地作选择或有安排有计划地把零散物集中起来。
gather普通用词，指人或物或抽象事物都可用。侧重于围绕一个中心的集合、聚集。
heap主要指把沙、石、煤、草等堆高，不强调整齐。
pile着重指比较整齐地把东西堆积在一起。
