eat of, eat up
这两个短语都表示“吃”,而前者指“吃(一部分)”,后者指“吃光”。例如:
The lion ate of the sheep.
狮子把那羊吃了(一部分)。
The lion ate up the sheep.
狮子把那羊全吃光了。
eat out, dine out
两者都有“在外吃饭”的意思。它们的区别在于:eat out通常只指在饭馆吃饭,不指在亲友家吃饭,而dine out可以指在饭馆吃饭,也可以指在亲友家吃饭。例如:
The single man was tired of instant noodle and ate out for a change.这个单身汉吃腻了方便面,于是下馆子换换口味。
Did you remember that we had dined out at the Smiths?你记得我们曾在史密斯家吃过饭吗?
eat, feed
这两个动词都有“进食”的意思。它们的区别在于:
1.用作及物动词时, eat的主语多为人,偶尔可为动物(拟人化),宾语为食物; feed的主语一定为人,宾语为动物或者是老弱病残者。例如:
We ate much the same thing for breakfast every day.每天早餐我们总是吃这些同样的东西。
The nurse is feeding the patient by means of a spoon.护士在用汤匙给病人喂饭。
2.用作不及物动词时, eat的主语可为人,也可为食物(这时主语含有被动意义); feed的主语则为动物。例如:
This kind of mushroom is eaten cooked.这种蘑菇是炒熟了吃的。
The horses were feeding quietly in the field.马群在田野里悄悄地吃着东西。
3.eat只接简单宾语, feed除接简单宾语外,还可接双宾语,而eat不能接双宾语。例如:
You may feed them anything you like.你喜欢喂它们什么就喂什么。
eat, consume, devour, ingest, swallow
这几个词共同的意思是“吃”。它们的区别在于:eat最常用,指放入口中经过咀嚼再吞咽下去的过程,对人或物都适用,引申指缓慢地逐渐腐蚀或消磨过程; consume指吃完全部食物或喝光所有饮料,引申指消耗光所有的物质、金钱等; devour强调狼吞虎咽地吃,引申指吞灭或毁灭; ingest是生理学用语,指咽下或吸收的过程; swallow指不经过充分咀嚼就囫囵吞入肚中,强调匆忙。例如:
The termites have eaten deep into the wood.白蚁已经把木头蛀得很深了。
The fire soon consumed the wooden building.大火不久就烧毁了这座木头建筑物。
He was devoured by hate.他满腔怨恨。
Twelve workers have ingested radioactive substances well above the permitted maximum.12名工人摄入体内的放射性物质已大大超过最大限度。
This drug can't be swallowed; it has to be injected.这药不能吞服,只能注射。
