judge

[dʒʌdʒ]
  • n.

    法官;裁判员;鉴定家;

  • v.

    担任裁判;判断;估计;评价;审判;

  • 单词变形

    复数: judges 过去式: judged 过去分词: judged 现在分词: judging 第三人称单数: judges


  • 词义辨析

    judge, adjudge, adjudicate, arbitrate

    这组词都有“裁决”的意思。它们的区别是:
    judge指在审查了双方的证据,听取了证词和衡量了双方的功过之后裁定哪一方正确或有理,强调审判的“过程”; adjudge指在审判结束或在审判过程中法庭作出判决,强调审判“程序”; adjudicate指法庭以裁定、宣判或法令等形式作出正式和慎重决议,即强调审判“结果”; arbitrate指由一人或多人组成的机构对有争执的事件作出慎重决定,这种机构的设立不一定符合法律程序,但为争执双方认可。

    judge, conclude, deduce, gather, infer

    这几个词共同的意思是“推断”。它们的区别在于:infer指从不太充分的论据或前提中推断出结论; conclude指通过推理或判断而得出结论; deduce指有充分根据地推论或逻辑上地演绎; gather指综合事物得出印象或感想等; judge通常指经过仔细鉴定或评价之后作出的决断。例如:
    From his a manner of dress and style of living,I gather that he is man of considerable means.从他的穿着式样和生活方式,我揣想他是个相当富有的人。
    She had concluded from that her grandmother did not like her.她已从那一点得出结论,断定她祖母不喜欢她。
    If you saw a doctor leaving a house, you might deduce the fact that someone in the house was ill.你要是看到医生从一家出来,你就可以推想那家有人生病。
    We see smoke and infer fire.我们看到烟,从而推断有火。
    Judging from what you said, they ought to succeed.从你说的情况看来,他们应当能成功。

    下面的句子意思相同,但语体不尽相同:前两句属于非正式语体,多用于比较随便的口语会话中; 后三句较为正式,多用于书面语体。试体会:

    I judge that she is an excellent lawyer.
    She is an excellent lawyer,I judge.
    I judge her to be an excellent lawyer.
    I judge her an excellent lawyer.
    I judge her as an excellent lawyer.
    我认为她是一位好律师。

    judge, arbiter, arbitrator, referee, umpire

    这组词都可指在观点发生冲突或分歧的情况下,有权或授权作出裁决的人。它们的区别是:
    judge的本义指主持法院工作并听取证词,对案件作出判决的法官。广义上讲, judge可指鉴定人。arbitrator和arbiter都可指从争议双方推举出来解决分歧的仲裁者或公断人,但arbitrator更为常见。arbitrator通常单独或与人合作来裁决(尤指劳工方面的)纠纷,而arbiter(书面语)常指没有权威或官职而靠自己的权威对非法律问题(如时装、文学等)作出决断或提出乐意遵从的准则的人。例如:
    Dress designers, not dress-makers, are the arbiters of women's fashions.由服装设计师而不是缝衣匠来判定女装的流行款式。
    referee和umpire都含有arbitrator(仲裁者、公断人)的含义。在此意义上, referee适用于在技术方面为处理特殊诉讼案件而由官方指定的仲裁人; 而umpire是指在重要或错综复杂的论点中,当双方公断人发生意见冲突或僵持不下时,出面进行最终裁决的人。此外,两词还常用于体育方面,指那些被指定实施比赛规则、排解纠纷的裁判员。此时的referee指篮球、台球、拳击、足球、曲棍球等比赛的裁判; 而umpire常指在网球、羽毛球、乒乓球、排球、游泳等比赛中充当裁判的人员。此外,乒乓球和网球的裁判有时也称judge。

    infer,deduce,conclude,gather,judge

    这些动词都含“推断”之意。
    infer指从已提供的论据或从已接受的前提出发而推断出的结论。
    deduce指有充分根据的推论,也指逻辑学上的演绎。
    conclude指得出符合逻辑的结论。
    gather指从听到的情况推测、判定。
    judge多指经过仔细鉴定或评价之后作出决断。

    sentence,condemn,judge,convict,doom

    这些动词都含有“判决、宣判”之意。
    sentence法律用词,指根据罪犯所犯罪行的轻重而宣判处罚。
    condemn指法院对审理结束的案件做出的定罪判刑。
    judge指对案件作出审理判决,但判决内容较笼统,不如sentence和condemn使用广泛。
    convict法律用词,指审判后判定有罪,但未作最后判决。
    doom书面用词,指郑重他宣判某人有罪。

  • 双语例句
1、

The judge dropped the flag when he reached the winning post.

当他跑到终点时,裁判把旗一挥表示他已跑完全程.

——《简明英汉词典》

2、

The public is [ are ] the best judge.

公众是最好的裁判.

——《简明英汉词典》

3、

It is hard to judge this case.

这个案子很难断.

——《简明英汉词典》

4、

A federal judge upheld the undercover Methods: Used in the case.

一位联邦法官主张在此案中使用秘密的方法.

——《简明英汉词典》

5、

The judge described the attack as an abominable crime.

法官称那次袭击为令人发指的罪行。

——《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》

6、

The judge handed his decision down at noon.

法官中午下了判决.

《简明英汉词典》

7、

A good judge does not make arbitrary decisions.

一个优秀的法官不会作武断的判决.

——《简明英汉词典》

8、

Never judge a person by his appearance.

人不可以貌相.

——《现代汉英综合大词典》

9、

The judge pronounced for the defendant, and also said that his opponent should pay the court costs.

法官作出有利于被告的判决, 并要原告偿付法庭费用.

——《简明英汉词典》

10、

The judge granted us a short adjournment.

法官允许我们暂时休庭.

《简明英汉词典》

11、

The judge praised the firefighters for their bravery and devotion to duty.

法官赞扬消防人员的勇气和敬业精神.

——《简明英汉词典》

12、

Mr. Tailor is a good judge of the fine arts.

泰勒先生是美术鉴赏行家.

——《简明英汉词典》

13、

The judge fined her 25 dollars for her mistake.

法官因她的错误而对她处以25美元罚款.

《简明英汉词典》

14、

He appeared nonchalant in court even when the judge ordered him to pay £1000.

在法庭上,甚至当法官命令他赔偿一千镑时,他仍然表现得若无其事.

——《简明英汉词典》

15、

The judge handed down a very heavy sentence on him.

法官给他判了很重的刑.

——《简明英汉词典》

16、

I judge him a skilled worker.

我断定他是个熟练工人.

——《简明英汉词典》

17、

The judge clapped the criminal in prison.

法官把犯人投入狱中.

——《简明英汉词典》

18、

I judge it by common sense.

我靠常识判断.

——《现代汉英综合大词典》

19、

We judge that she is the best candidate.

我们认为她是最佳人选.

——《简明英汉词典》

20、

The judge arbitrated a disagreement between workers and management.

仲裁人对工人和管理层之间的纠纷进行了仲裁.

——《简明英汉词典》

21、

You mustn't judge people by their exteriors.

你不能以貌取人.

《简明英汉词典》

22、

I will give you all the facts so that you can judge for yourself.

我会给你所有的事实以便你可以自己判断.

《简明英汉词典》

23、

We must know how to judge people.

我们必须善于识别人.

《简明英汉词典》

24、

We mustn't judge by appearances.

我们不可以貌取人.

《现代英汉综合大词典》

25、

She supplicated the judge for protection.

她恳求法官保护.

《简明英汉词典》

26、

He came back at the judge with some sharp questions.

他提出了几个尖锐的问题来反驳法官.

《简明英汉词典》

27、

Which judge will hear the case?

哪位法官将审问这个案件?

《现代英汉综合大词典》

28、

Don't judge a person by his success or failure.

不能以成败论英雄.

《现代汉英综合大词典》

29、

Don't judge a thing from the outside.

别从外表看事物.

《现代汉英综合大词典》

30、

Don't judge a man from his outside.

不要以貌取人.

《现代英汉综合大词典》

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