lecture

[ˈlektʃə(r)]

  • 词义辨析

    lecture, address, oration, report, speech, talk

    1.在这组词中, address, speech, talk, oration四个词是同义词, lecture和report的词义与其他四个词的词义差异较大。
    ①lecture指学术性的“专题讲演”,尤指大学教师讲课,引申义为“教训”。例如:
    Professor Black will give us a lecture on English literature tomorrow afternoon.布莱克教授明天下午将给我们做关于英国文学的演讲。
    His mother gave him a lecture for getting up late.他妈妈因为他睡懒觉而训斥了他一顿。
    注意这六个词中只有lecture不可与make连用。
    ②report指下级对上级或委托机关的“报告”,比汉语中“报告”的外延小得多。例如:
    The manager had just given the company's annual report.经理刚做了公司的年度报告。
    2.address, speech, talk, oration四个词的共同含义是“当众讲话”。它们的区别是:
    ①speech和talk是普通用语, address和oration是正式用语。
    ②address和oration用于正式隆重的场合,经过充分准备,听众较多,篇幅较长。这两者中, oration比address更正式,更隆重,人更多,篇幅更长。例如:
    The minister's address will be broadcast at 8 o'clock.部长的讲话将于8时广播。
    Lincoln's Gettysburg Address was an oration.林肯的盖茨堡讲演是一篇雄辩有力的演说辞。
    这两个词含义上的区别是:address强调演说人的身份或地位高,而oration则强调演说人口才好,演说有煽动性,雄辩有力,词藻华丽。
    ③speech和talk的区别是:speech多用于正式场合,也可用于非正式场合; 而talk多用于非正式场合,也可用于正式场合。speech一般是经过准备的也可不经过准备; 而talk一般是不经过准备的。speech的措辞一般是庄重的; 而talk是较为随便的,讲话方式也较自由,甚至也可以是对话。例如:
    Please tell us what you think in a few simple words, we don't want a speech.请用简短的话说明你的意思,不要演说。
    We enjoy freedom of speech.我们有言论自由。
    We had a long talk about it.关于此事,我们作了一次长谈。
    He gave us a very interesting talk on Yugoslavia.他给我们作了一场饶有兴趣的关于南斯拉夫的报告。
    ④speech除作“讲演”解之外,还有“讲稿”“讲演风格”的含义,而另外三个词无此含义。例如:
    His speech was sent to the newspaper in advance.他的讲话稿事先就送报社去了。
    Her speech is informal and filled with colloquialisms.她的讲话常是非正式的,很口语化。

    lecture about, lecture on

    这两个短语都表示“就…作讲演”。它们的区别在于:接about时内容比较广泛,接on时,内容较集中、专一;另外,接about时,内容较为普及;而接on专业性较强。

    lecture, declaim, deliver, speak

    这组词都可表示“演讲”。它们的区别是:
    speak一般指在公共场合讲话; declaim有慷慨激昂地演说、朗诵或以言辞攻击某人或某种观点的含义; deliver指讲道、陈述意见或讲授一门功课; lecture可指就某一专题演讲或强调教导性的演说。例如:
    She was declaiming against the waste of the taxpayers' money.她慷慨陈词,猛烈抨击对纳税人金钱的浪费。
    He is delivering a speech.他正在作演讲。
    I wish you'd stop lecturing me.我希望你不要再教训我。

    address,speech,lecture,oration,report,talk

    这些名词都含“演讲,讲话,报告”之意。
    address正式用词,指在庄严隆重的场合作精心准备的演讲或正式演说。
    speech普通用词,指一般的发言或讲话,可以是事先准备的,也可以是即席的。
    lecture侧重带学术性的演讲。
    oration常指在特殊场合,辞藻华丽,形式庄重,旨在激发听众感情的正式演说。
    report一般是指下级给上级或负责人给委托机关的书面或口头报告。
    talk常用词,强调非正式讲话,讲话方式一般较为自由。

    class,lesson,lecture,course

    这些名词都含“课”之意。
    class从“班级”引申指学生在一起上课,还可表示“(一节)课”。
    lesson主要指教材中的一课或每次授课的单位时间。
    lecture指讲课。
    course指在一段时间内教完或学完的完整的课程。

  • 双语例句
1、

The lecture was given under the auspices of the Academy of Sciences.

这次报告会是由科学院主办的.

——《现代汉英综合大词典》

2、

Before trying to tackle his homework he read up the notes he had taken at the lecture.

他把课堂上记的笔记认真看过后才动手做作业.

——《简明英汉词典》

3、

I take it as a pleasure to attend your lecture.

我很愿意听你讲课.

——《简明英汉词典》

4、

She then invited him to Atlanta to lecture on the history of art.

她于是邀请他去亚特兰大讲艺术史。

柯林斯例句

5、

Wendy Rigby was recently invited to lecture a group of doctors on the benefits of aromatherapy.

温迪·里格比最近应邀给一帮医生讲芳香疗法的疗效。

——柯林斯例句

6、

In his lecture, he bore down on the importance of idiomatic usage in a language.

他在演讲中着重强调了语言中习惯用法的重要性.

——《简明英汉词典》

7、

His lecture yesterday drew in a large crowd.

昨天他的演讲吸引了大批观众.

——《简明英汉词典》

8、

She took copious notes of the professor's lecture.

上教授的课她记了大量的笔记.

——《简明英汉词典》

9、

In his lecture on geology, he touched on the subject of climate.

他在关于地质学的报告中, 也涉及气候问题.

——《简明英汉词典》

10、

The lecture will trace the depiction of horses from earliest times to the present day.

这个讲座将探究从古至今的画马艺术。

柯林斯例句

11、

The half hour lecture caused an enormous furor.

那半小时的演讲引起了极大的轰动.

——《简明英汉词典》

12、

After my lecture, the students began to overwhelm me with questions.

讲课之后, 学生们开始问一系列问题,使我不知所措.

——《简明英汉词典》

13、

My father gave me a lecture for smoking.

我父亲因我吸烟而训斥我.

《简明英汉词典》

14、

I remember going to the lecture in my first week and getting very steamed up.

我还记得第一周去听课时生了一肚子气。

柯林斯例句

15、

Professor Pearson gave the inaugural lecture in the new lecture theatre.

皮尔逊教授在新的阶梯讲堂发表了启用演说.

《简明英汉词典》

16、

A foreign guest is giving a lecture in English this afternoon.

一位外宾今天下午要来作英语演讲.

《简明英汉词典》

17、

He was distributing handbills announcing his lecture when Nora caught her first glimpse of him.

诺拉第一次看见他时,他正在散发自己的讲座宣传单。

柯林斯例句

18、

I was asked to lecture on the Arabic literature yesterday.

昨天我应邀去讲阿拉伯文学.

《简明英汉词典》

19、

It is shocking that only one woman has delivered the lecture in 44 years.

在44年间仅有一名女性作过讲座,这真令人震惊。

柯林斯例句

20、

I have no intention to traverse that ground in my present lecture.

在这次演讲中我不打算详细讨论这一点.

《现代英汉综合大词典》

21、

Her long lecture tired the audience.

她的长篇演讲使得听众厌烦.

《现代英汉综合大词典》

22、

It's a common problem, the one I'm asked about most when I'm on the lecture circuit.

这问题很常见,我在巡回讲演时被问得最多的就是这个问题.

柯林斯例句

23、

His lecture divides into three parts.

他的演讲分三部分.

《现代英汉综合大词典》

24、

Don't lecture the child.

不要责备孩子.

《简明英汉词典》

25、

After his lecture, he invited questions.

课后, 他请同学们提问.

《简明英汉词典》

26、

What made you stop away from that lecture?

你为什么不去听那次讲座?

《简明英汉词典》

27、

Don't lecture at me. I don't have to do what you say!

别教训我, 我可不是非听你的不可.

《简明英汉词典》

28、

I had promised Nightingale to attend the lecture.

我已答应南丁格尔参加演讲.

《简明英汉词典》

29、

Tom has been invited to lecture about his method of writing to a class of English students.

汤姆已应邀去给一个英语班作报告,谈他的写作方法.

《简明英汉词典》

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