sustain

[səˈsteɪn]

  • 词义辨析

    sustain, bolster, brace, buttress, maintain, prop, support

    这组词共同的意思是“支撑”。它们的区别在于:support指有基础或基座来承受某物的压力或重量,使其不坍塌或倒下,用于比喻可指能够经受住艰难困苦而不屈服; bolster指用垫枕等支撑物来支撑或承受负荷; brace指用支柱、支架来支住、撑牢某物,使其能抗住压力; buttress指用在建筑物应力点上加扶壁的办法来支住、加固某物,引申指用物质、金钱、事实等来支持某论点; maintain指保持某种状况或状态,给予所需的力量,以防力量、价值等有所损失; prop指支持需要立即加强或加固的事物; sustain强调始终不渝地支撑或保持。例如:
    This matter bolstered up his pride.这件事提高了他的自尊心。
    The struts are firmly braced.构架的支柱很牢固。
    She buttressed her argument with lots of solid facts.她用很多具体事实来支持她的论点。
    The state maintains the highways.政府养护公路。
    She propped up the baby's head by putting her hand behind its neck.她把手放在婴孩的头后,支撑他的头。
    She was sustained by pride in her family.对家庭的自豪感支持着她。

    sustain, experience, experiment, suffer, undergo

    这组词共同的意思是“经历”。它们的区别是:
    1.experience指人们“经历”过的事情,即生活中所遇到的事情或通过学习、实践取得经验的过程; experiment指科学家进行的试验或为了检验某种效果而进行的任何活动; suffer指体验到伤害和困苦; sustain指遭受苦难,但不一定有勇气或坚忍精神; undergo强调被迫经受不愉快的事或苦难,也可指经历时间。例如:
    The Chinese people have experienced untold sufferings under imperialist oppression.在帝国主义的压迫下,中国人民遭受了无数的苦难。
    They experimented on electricity.他们做电学实验。
    He seemed to have suffered a great deal.他好像受了很多苦。
    He has sustained a great loss by the death of his father.父亲死了,他遭受了巨大损失。
    He undergoes hardships.他备尝艰难。
    2.experience通常与动词have连用,而experiment通常与动词do连用。

    back,uphold,support,sustain,advocate

    这些动词均有“支持,支援,拥护”之意。
    back通常指对论点、行动、事业等的强有力支持。
    uphold既可指积极努力对陷入困境者的支持,也可指给某人在行动、道义或信仰上的支持。
    support含义广泛,多指在道义上或物质上支持某人,也可指对某项事业的支持。
    sustain侧重指连续不断的支持。
    advocate多指通过写文章或发表演说等来支持或拥护,往往暗示提倡某事或为某事辩护。

    undergo,experience,sustain,suffer

    这些动词均有“经历,经受,遭受”之意。
    undergo多指经受艰难、痛苦、不愉快或危险等事。
    experience指亲身经受或体验某事。
    sustain指遭受痛苦或承受负担。
    suffer常可与sustain通用,尤指受到损害或伤害。

  • 双语例句
1、

Obviously, if the various bars sustain forces they will undergo extension or contraction.

很明显, 如果各杆受力,就会发生伸长或缩短.

——辞典例句

2、

As you go to eat, commune with the species giving of their life to sustain oneself.

如果你准备进食, 请跟为你维生而贡献生命的物种交流.

——期刊摘选

3、

The parameters within which life can be sustained on Earth are extraordinarily narrow.

地球上生命可以存活下来的地域范围是非常狭小的。

柯林斯例句

4、

It will enhance our competitiveness both within Hong Kong and internationally to sustain our economic growth.

提高香港内部和在国际间的竞争力,推动我们的经济持续增长.

——期刊摘选

5、

Which planets can sustain life?

哪些行星可以维持生命的存在?

《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》

6、

the policies necessary to sustain economic growth

维持经济增长的必要政策

朗文当代高级英语词典 第6版

7、

She managed to sustain everyone's interest until the end of her speech.

她使每个人兴趣盎然,一直听她把话讲完。

牛津词典

8、

The court sustained his claim that the contract was illegal.

法庭支持他的观点,认定该合同不合法。

牛津词典

9、

Two of the firefighters sustained serious injuries.

有两名消防员受了重伤。

朗文当代高级英语词典 第6版

10、

The love and support of his family sustained him during his time in prison.

家人的关爱和支持帮助他度过了狱中的岁月。

牛津词典

11、

The thought of seeing her again was all that sustained me.

再见到她的念头是让我支撑下去的全部力量。

朗文当代高级英语词典 第6版

12、

I am sustained by letters of support and what people say to me in ordinary daily life...

这些支持的信件和人们每天对我的鼓励一直支撑着我。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

13、

She found it difficult to sustain the children's interest.

她发现很难保持孩子们的兴趣。

朗文当代高级英语词典 第6版

14、

The evidence is not detailed enough to sustain his argument.

这一证据过于笼统,不足以证明他的论点。

牛津词典

15、

Objection sustained ! (= said by a judge when a lawyer makes an objection in court)

反对成立!

牛津词典

16、

The company sustained losses of millions of dollars.

公司遭受了数百万元的巨大损失。

牛津词典

17、

He was incapable of sustaining close relationships with women.

他无法和女人维持亲密关系。

朗文当代高级英语词典 第6版

18、

Some nearby buildings sustained minor damage.

附近一些建筑物遭受到轻微损坏。

朗文当代高级英语词典 第6版

19、

The company has sustained heavy financial losses this year.

这家公司今年遭受了严重的经济损失。

朗文当代高级英语词典 第6版

20、

They gave me barely enough food to sustain me.

他们给我的食物几乎都不够我活命。

朗文当代高级英语词典 第6版

21、

Every aircraft in there has sustained some damage...

那里的每架飞机都受到了一些损坏。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

22、

But he has sustained his fierce social conscience from young adulthood through old age...

而他从青年时期一直到老年都始终保持着强烈的社会良知。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

23、

The cash dividends they get from the cash crop would sustain them during the lean season...

从经济作物中获得的收益能帮助他们度过不景气的时期。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

24、

This argument is difficult to sustain.

这个论点难以证明。

朗文当代高级英语词典 第6版

25、

a sustained attack

持续的攻击

牛津词典

26、

a period of sustained economic growth

经济持续增长的时期

牛津词典

27、

He leant against her so heavily that she could barely sustain his weight.

他重重地靠在她身上,让她几乎撑不住了。

朗文当代高级英语词典 第6版

28、

A seventeen-year-old tourist died late last night of injuries sustained in yesterday's bomb blast.

一位 17 岁的游客在昨天的炸弹爆炸中受伤并于当天深夜身亡。

柯林斯高阶英语词典

29、

to sustain damage/an injury/a defeat

遭受损失;受伤;遭到失败

牛津词典

30、

The ice will not sustain your weight.

这冰承受不了你的体重。

牛津词典

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